{"id":2970,"date":"2023-10-18T21:12:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T21:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/?page_id=2970"},"modified":"2026-08-06T13:44:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T13:44:38","slug":"speaker-bios","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/speaker-bios\/","title":{"rendered":"Speaker Bios"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIrwin M. Arias, MD (Founder) <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Dr. Irwin Arias is a triple Emeritus: Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Professor of Physiology and Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Senior Scientist at the National Institutes of Health where he continues to teach.<\/p>

He has dedicated his career to bridging the gap between scientists in the lab and medical doctors in the clinic, continually building bridges to link basic biology to human disease. In his long and continuing career in liver-related science, medicine, and education, some of his most notable accomplishments include discoveries of mechanisms of inheritable jaundice, ABC transporters mediate bile transport, and that AMP Kinase and Liver Kinase-81 regulate hepatocyte polarization, mitochondrial fusion, ATP production, and bile transporters. These research outcomes established new paradigms for biliary secretion and led to molecular identification of inheritable liver diseases.<\/p>

A founder of the American Liver Foundation (ALF) and long-term member of both the former New England Division and National Board of Directors, Dr. Arias has contributed substantially to the mission of ALF and his energy and passion for helping liver patients shows no signs of stopping. His support of young PhD and physician scientists interested in the pursuit of liver disease is nothing short of inspiring. Dr. Arias has been the recipient of many national and international honors and his course, \u201cDemystifying Medicine\u201d, which he established at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has gained national and global attention.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlex Shalek, PhD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Alex K. Shalek, PhD (pronouns: he\/him\/his) is the Director of the Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), the Director of the Health Innovation Hub at MIT, and he is the J. W. Kieckhefer Professor in IMES and the Department of Chemistry at MIT, as well as an Extramural Member of its Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research.\u00a0 He is also an Institute Member of the Broad Institute, a Member of the Ragon Institute, an Assistant in Immunology at MGB, and an Instructor in Health Sciences & Technology at HMS. Dr. Shalek received his bachelor’s degree summa cum laude from Columbia University and his Ph.D. from Harvard University in chemical physics under the guidance of Hongkun Park, and performed postdoctoral training under Hongkun Park and Aviv Regev (Broad\/MIT). His lab\u2019s research is directed towards the development and application of new approaches to elucidate cellular and molecular features that inform tissue-level function and dysfunction across the spectrum of human health and disease. Dr. Shalek and his work have received numerous honors including a NIH New Innovator Award, a Beckman Young Investigator Award, a Searle Scholar Award, a Pew-Stewart Scholar Award, the Avant-Garde (DP1 Pioneer) Award from the National Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA), and an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in Chemistry, as well as the 2019-2020 Harold E. Edgerton Faculty Achievement Award at MIT and the 2020 HMS Young Mentor Award.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJonathan Weissman, PhD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Jonathan Weissman, Ph.D., studies how cells ensure that proteins fold into their correct shape, as well as the role of protein misfolding in disease and normal physiology. He is also widely recognized for building innovative tools for broadly exploring organizational principles of biological systems. These include ribosome profiling, which globally monitors protein translation, CRISPRi\/a for controlling the expression of human genes and rewiring the epigenome, and lineage tracing tools, to record the history of cells. Dr. Weissman is the Landon T. Clay Professor of Biology and a member of Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, a Professor of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a member of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, and an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKarl-Dimiter Bissig, MD, PhD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Karl-Dimiter (Dimi) Bissig, MD, PhD, is the Chen Family Associate Professor at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. He received his MD and PhD from the University of Bern, Switzerland. During his postdoctoral training at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, he pursued his longstanding interest in metabolic liver disease and established one of the first human liver chimeric mouse models, in which mice are repopulated with human hepatocytes. After establishing his independent laboratory, Dr. Bissig developed the first humanized xenograft model for inherited metabolic liver disease and has since generated numerous next-generation humanized mouse models to study human liver biology and disease. His current research focuses on translating fundamental biological discoveries into innovative therapies for liver disorders using advanced genome engineering, nucleic acid therapeutics, and novel cell-based approaches. More recently, his laboratory uncovered that toxic metabolites produced by the liver are responsible for the neurological manifestations of glutaric aciduria type I, fundamentally changing the understanding of disease pathogenesis. These studies demonstrated that liver-directed therapies can cure the disorder, establishing a new therapeutic paradigm for this devastating neurometabolic disease.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKatharine Fitzgerald, PhD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Katherine A. Fitzgerald, PhD, is Professor of Medicine, Chief of the Division of Innate Immunity, and Executive Vice Chancellor for Research at UMass Chan Medical School. She is an internationally recognized leader in innate immunity whose research has helped define the molecular pathways through which the immune system detects infection, cellular injury, and other threats.<\/p>

Dr. Fitzgerald\u2019s research focuses on the mechanisms of innate immune sensing and inflammatory signaling and their roles in infectious, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and malignant diseases. Her laboratory has made foundational contributions to understanding how immune receptors recognize microbial and host-derived nucleic acids, activate interferon and cytokine responses, assemble inflammasomes, and initiate inflammatory forms of cell death. This work has advanced fundamental understanding of host defense and inflammatory disease while identifying pathways with significant potential for therapeutic intervention.<\/p>

Dr. Fitzgerald received her BSc in Biochemistry from University College Cork, Ireland, in 1995 and her PhD in Biochemistry from Trinity College Dublin in 1999. Following postdoctoral training at Trinity College Dublin, she joined UMass Chan, where she established an internationally distinguished research program and rose through the academic ranks to become a tenured professor and institutional research leader.<\/p>

Dr. Fitzgerald is an elected member of the Royal Irish Academy, the United States National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. Her honors include the American Association of Immunologists\u2013Thermo Fisher Scientific Meritorious Career Award, the St. Patrick\u2019s Day Science Medal from the Government of Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland, and the Seymour and Vivian Milstein Award for Excellence in Interferon and Cytokine Research from the International Cytokine and Interferon Society.<\/p>

In addition to her institutional leadership, Dr. Fitzgerald has held prominent national and international scientific service roles. She recently chaired the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Board of Scientific Counselors and is a past president of the International Cytokine and Interferon Society. She serves or has served on advisory boards and scientific committees for the Lupus Research Alliance, the Smith Family Foundation, the Cancer Research Institute Irvington Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, and the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation. She also advises biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies on emerging areas of immunology, inflammation, and therapeutic development.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRebecca Taub, MD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr. Taub serves as Madrigal\u2019s Senior Scientific and Medical Advisor. Dr. Taub served as Madrigal\u2019s President, Research & Development from June 2019 and as Chief Medical Officer from July 2016 until April 2025. Dr. Taub also previously served as Executive Vice President, Research & Development, from July 2016 through June 2019 and as Chief Executive Officer from September 2011 to July 2016. Prior to joining Madrigal, Dr. Taub served as Senior Vice President, Research and Development of VIA Pharmaceuticals, Inc. from 2008 to 2011 and as Vice President, Research, Metabolic Diseases at F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG from 2004 to 2008. In those positions, Dr. Taub oversaw clinical development and drug discovery programs in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including the conduct of a series of Phase 1 and 2 proof of concept clinical trials. From 2000 through 2003, Dr. Taub worked at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and DuPont, in a variety of positions, including as Executive Director of CNS and metabolic diseases research at each company. Before becoming a pharmaceutical executive, Dr. Taub was a tenured Professor of Genetics and Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and remains an adjunct professor. Dr. Taub is the author of more than 120 research articles. Before joining the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Taub served as an Assistant Professor at the Joslin Diabetes Center of Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and an associate investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dr. Taub has served on the board of directors of BriaCell Therapeutics Corp., a publicly traded immuno-oncology biotechnology company, since March 2019. Dr. Taub received her M.D. from Yale University School of Medicine and B.A. from Yale College.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRebecca Wells, MD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Rebecca G. Wells received her undergraduate training at Yale, medical degree from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and internal medicine and gastroenterology\/hepatology training at Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital in Boston. She did postdoctoral work at Harvard Medical School and the Whitehead Institute. She has been on the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania for 24 years, where she is now Professor of Medicine and Bioengineering. Dr. Wells studies the matrix and mechanical factors underlying diseases of the liver and bile ducts, particularly in fibrosis \u2013 she has been a leader in defining and appreciating the role of the mechanical changes driving fibrosis.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVamsi Mootha, MD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Vamsi Mootha is a Professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School and Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He directs a research laboratory dual-localized at Massachusetts General Hospital and the Broad Institute. His group focuses on mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics. He and his research team achieved a full characterization of the mitochondrial proteome, discovered all the molecular components of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and discovered dozens of genes and biochemical mechanisms underlying Mendelian forms of mitochondrial disease. His team made the unexpected discovery that low oxygen \u2013 hypoxia \u2013 can suppress diverse forms of mitochondrial disease in pre-clinical models. As a postdoctoral fellow he invented Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, an algorithm that was later adopted into a widely used software package. Vamsi completed his B.S. in Mathematical and Computational Sciences at Stanford, his MD in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, clinical training in internal medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and postdoctoral training at Whitehead Institute. He is a recipient a MacArthur Prize, an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of a Padma Shri from the Government of India.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tXiaowei Zhuang, PhD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Xiaowei Zhuang is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the David B. Arnold Professor of Science at Harvard University. She pioneered super-resolution and genome-scale imaging technologies. She invented a super-resolution imaging method, STORM, and discovered novel molecular structures in cells using STORM. She invented a genome-scale imaging method, MERFISH, which enabled spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, 3D genomics, and functional genomics. Using MERFISH, she discovered novel molecular signatures, spatial organization, and functions of cells in complex tissues. Zhuang is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the European Molecular Biology Organization. Her awards include the Ernest Solvay Prize, Dickson Prize in Medicine,\u00a0National Inventors Hall of Fame, Dreyfus Prize in Chemical Sciences, Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, Heinrich Wieland Prize, Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lurie Prize in Biomedical Sciences, Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science, etc.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYasuko Iwakiri, PhD<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr. Yasuko Iwakiri is a Professor of Medicine at Yale School of Medicine whose research focuses on how vascular and lymphatic systems regulate liver health and disease. Her laboratory studies liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic lymphatic vessels, and neuro-vascular niches that coordinate immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Her work aims to uncover mechanisms underlying liver diseases such as portal hypertension, cholestasis, and alcohol-associated liver disease.\u00a0 Currently, Dr. Iwakiri serves as an Associate Editor for the\u00a0Journal of Hepatology,\u00a0<\/i>and\u00a0Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.\u00a0<\/i>\u00a0She has previously held the same roles with\u00a0Hepatology<\/i>\u00a0and\u00a0Hepatology Communications<\/i>. She reviews research grants for NIH and international funding agencies, and has mentored more than 70 trainees during her independent career. She also serves in leadership roles within the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIrwin M. Arias, MD (Founder) <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Dr. Irwin Arias is a triple Emeritus: Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Professor of Physiology and Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Senior Scientist at the National Institutes of Health where he continues to teach.<\/p>

He has dedicated his career to bridging the gap between scientists in the lab and medical doctors in the clinic, continually building bridges to link basic biology to human disease. In his long and continuing career in liver-related science, medicine, and education, some of his most notable accomplishments include discoveries of mechanisms of inheritable jaundice, ABC transporters mediate bile transport, and that AMP Kinase and Liver Kinase-81 regulate hepatocyte polarization, mitochondrial fusion, ATP production, and bile transporters. These research outcomes established new paradigms for biliary secretion and led to molecular identification of inheritable liver diseases.<\/p>

A founder of the American Liver Foundation (ALF) and long-term member of both the former New England Division and National Board of Directors, Dr. Arias has contributed substantially to the mission of ALF and his energy and passion for helping liver patients shows no signs of stopping. His support of young PhD and physician scientists interested in the pursuit of liver disease is nothing short of inspiring. Dr. Arias has been the recipient of many national and international honors and his course, \u201cDemystifying Medicine\u201d, which he established at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has gained national and global attention.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrancis Collins, MD, PhD, NIH Distinguished Investigator, Center for Precision Health Research, National Institute of Health <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr. Francis Collins is a physician-scientist. Under his direction, the Human Genome Project produced the first finished sequence of the human DNA instruction book in 2003. \u00a0From 2009 to 2021, Collins served under three Presidents as the Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the largest supporter of biomedical research in the world.\u00a0 Following a year in the White House as the President\u2019s Acting Science Advisor, he oversees a research laboratory as a Distinguished Investigator in the intramural program of the National Human Genome Research Institute.\u00a0 He also leads a bold administration initiative to eliminate hepatitis C in the United States.\u00a0 His contributions to science, medicine, and society have been recognized by the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, and the Templeton Prize.\u00a0 His most recent book is The Road To Wisdom: On Truth, Science, Faith, and Trust\u00a0(Little Brown and Worthy, 2024).\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFernando Camargo, PhD, Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Dr. Camargo joined the Children’s Hospital and the Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department at Harvard University in 2009. Dr. Camargo was named a 2009 V Foundation Scholar and is the recipient of the NIH Director\u2019s New Innovator Award. Most recently, he has received the Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science and the ISSCR\u2019s Dr. Susan Lim Award for Outstanding Young Investigator. In February 2022, Dr. Camargo was named the first Regenerative Biology Endowed Chair, in recognition of his scientific contributions and strong leadership.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnne Carpenter, PhD, Senior Director of the Imaging Platform, Institute Scientist, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr. Carpenter is an Institute Scientist at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT. Her research group develops algorithms and strategies for large-scale experiments involving images. The team\u2019s open-source CellProfiler software is used by thousands of biologists worldwide and their Cell Painting assay has been adopted throughout the pharma industry to accelerate drug discovery. She leads industry-wide consortia such as JUMP-Cell Painting and OASIS.\u00a0<\/p>

Her PhD is in cell biology from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Her postdoc in high-throughput image analysis was at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and MIT\u2019s CSAIL (Computer Sciences\/Artificial Intelligence Laboratory). Carpenter has been named an NSF CAREER awardee, an NIH MIRA awardee, and is listed in Deep Knowledge Analytics\u2019 top-100 AI Leaders in Drug Discovery and Advanced Healthcare.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKwanghun (KC) Chung, PhD, Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr. Kwanghun Chung is currently an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT, as well as a Core Member of the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES). He is also a Core Member of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, and an Associate Member of the Broad Institute. He received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Seoul National University in 2005, and then moved to Georgia Institute of Technology for his Ph.D. training under the mentorship of Dr. Hang Lu, where he developed automated and integrated microsystems for high-throughput imaging, molecular\/behavioral phenotyping, and cell microsurgery of a broad range of living systems. Following his graduation in 2009, Dr. Chung joined the Karl Deisseroth Lab at Stanford University for post-doctoral training in 2010, where he invented a novel technology termed CLARITY (Chung, Nature, 2013), which enables system-wide structural and molecular analysis of large-scale intact biological samples. In 2013, Dr. Chung joined MIT and has been leading an interdisciplinary team to develop and apply novel methods for holistic understanding of large-scale complex biological systems. His group has developed a host of technologies (SWITCH [Cell, 2015], Stochastic Electrotransport [PNAS, 2015], MAP [Nature Biotechnology, 2016], SHIELD [Nature Biotechnology, 2019], and ELAST [Nature Methods, 2020]) that enable rapid and scalable 3D imaging and phenotyping of both animal models and human clinical samples. He cofounded LifeCanvas Technologies to commercialize his inventions, which has enabled rapid adoption of the technologies by over 400 labs and core facilities in leading institutions, and companies across 14 countries. Chung was the recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) 2019, the NIH New Innovator Award 2016, the Mcknight Technological Innovations in Neuroscience Award 2016, the Packard Fellowships for Science and Engineering Award 2015, the NARSAD Young Investigator Award 2015, the Yumin Awards for Creativity 2014, the Searle Scholars Award 2014, and the BWF Career Award at the Scientific Interface 2012.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUdeme Ekong, MD, MPH, FAASLD, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Georgetown University<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Dr Ekong is a professor of pediatrics and surgery at Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, and an attending physician in pediatric transplant hepatology at MedStar Georgetown University, Hospital, Washington, DC.<\/p>

Dr Ekong attended medical school in Nigeria and proceeded to the United Kingdom and United States for residency and fellowship training in pediatrics, pediatric gastroenterology, and pediatric transplant hepatology.<\/p>

In addition to her clinical work, Dr Ekong is an active researcher.<\/p>

The Ekong laboratory interest is in mechanisms that underlie regulatory T cell dysfunction in autoimmune and alloimmune liver disease after liver transplantation. Inflammasome activation, Human Endogenous Retrovirus reactivation, Endoplasmic Reticulum stress with unfolded protein response activation contribute to regulatory T cell dysfunction, so a major focus of the laboratory is to understand these phenomena in molecular terms. The Ekong laboratory has a strong history of collaborative work with key collaborations with laboratories at the NIH, Yale University, Columbia University, and Imperial College, London, UK.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLijian Hui, PhD, Distinguished Adjunct Professor, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Dr. Lijian Hui<\/strong> is the PI in Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (SIBCB). He is currently the Assistant Director of SIBCB , board member of Chinese Association of Cell Biology, President of Chinese Association of Cell and Gene Therapy, editorial board member of Cell Stem Cell, Hepatology etc.<\/p>

Dr. Hui studies molecular pathology of liver diseases, with the focus on cell identity conversion, i.e., dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation, in liver regeneration and tumorigenesis. His team demonstrated the conversion from fibroblasts into hepatocytes in vitro, thereby providing one of the first evidence of transdifferentiation in mammalian cells. His team is also among the first to report cell identity conversion in liverinjury and repair. Based on these fundamental findings, his team generates functional hepatocytes, hiHep and ProliHH, for clinical application. Innovative therapies based on these cells, namely bioartificial liver devices and encapsulated liver organoids, are now being tested in clinics. Dr. Hui is also the founder of Hexaell Biotech, which aims to helping liver disease patients with edge-cutting cell therapy technologies.<\/p>

Dr. Hui has recieved several awards, including 10 Top Breakthroughs in Science and Technology of China, China Young Scientists Award, Natural Science Award of Shanghai Municipality, Tan Jiazhen Life Science Innovation Award etc.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKristin Knouse, MD, PhD, Whitehead Career Development Professor, Department of Biology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr Kristin Knouse is the Whitehead Career Development Professor in the MIT Department of Biology and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. She received a B.S. in biology from Duke University in 2010 and then enrolled in the Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) M.D.-Ph.D. Program, where she earned a Ph.D. through the MIT Department of Biology in 2016 and an M.D. through the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology in 2018. She conducted her doctoral research in the laboratory of Angelika Amon, where she developed tools to characterize large-scale somatic copy number alterations in mammalian tissues and then used diverse approaches to reveal the importance of tissue architecture for chromosome segregation fidelity in epithelia. In 2018, she established her laboratory as a Whitehead Fellow at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and was honored with the NIH Director\u2019s Early Independence Award. In July 2021, she joined the MIT Department of Biology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research as an Assistant Professor. Her lab develops high-throughput functional genomics approaches to understand and modulate organ injury and regeneration.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMiriam Merad, MD, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Dr. Merad is an internationally acclaimed physician-scientist and a leader in the fields of dendritic cell and macrophage biology with a focus on their contribution to human diseases. Dr. Merad identified the tissue resident macrophage lineage and revealed its distinct role in organ physiology and pathophysiology. She established the contribution of this macrophage lineage to cancer progression and inflammatory diseases and is now working on the development of novel macrophage-targeted therapies for these conditions. In addition to her work on macrophages, Dr. Merad is known for her work on dendritic cells, a group of cells that control adaptive immunity. She identified a new subset of dendritic cells, which is now considered a key target of antiviral and antitumor immunity.<\/p>

Dr. Merad leads the Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine (PrIISM) to bring immunology discoveries to the clinic. She also founded the Human Immune Monitoring Center at Mount Sinai, one of the world\u2019s most sophisticated research centers, which uses cutting-edge single-cell technology to understand the contribution of immune cells to major human diseases or treatment responses.\u00a0<\/p>

Dr. Merad has authored more than 200 primary papers and reviews in high profile journals. Her work has been cited several thousand times. She receives generous funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for her research on innate immunity and their contribution to human disease, and belongs to several NIH consortia.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAllison F. O\u2019Neill, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Solid Tumor Program; Director, Liver Tumor Center of Excellence; Chair, Liver Tumor Committee COG; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

Dr. Allison O\u2019Neill is a Pediatric Oncology physician-scientist with a passion for translational research and expertise in the care of pediatric patients with solid tumors.\u00a0 She serves as the Clinical Director of the Pediatric Solid Tumor Program and Medical Director of the Liver Tumor Center of Excellence at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children\u2019s Hospital. In her role as Director of the Solid Tumor Program, Dr. O\u2019Neill\u2019s overarching responsibilities include guiding clinical research initiatives in concert with their experimental therapeutics division and revising their current clinical care infrastructure. \u00a0Dr. O\u2019Neill is self-tasked with cultivating a programmatic mission surrounding multidisciplinary clinics, visibility in the rare tumor space, and expanding initiatives in immunotherapy. The Liver Tumor Center of Excellence collaboratively unites individuals of a broad multidisciplinary expertise to deliver care to children with these exceptionally rare tumors. Nationally, she chairs the Children\u2019s Oncology Group Liver Tumor Committee which provides a far-reaching collaborative network through which to conduct clinical trials for patients with these rare and often difficult-to-treat tumors.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tQuin Wills, MD, PhD, Founder and Chief Scientific Officer, Ochre Bio, New York, NY<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"Dr. Quin Wills is a medical doctor with further degrees in genetics, mathematics, computational biology, and a doctorate in systems genomics, from Oxford and Cambridge Universities. He started his first drug discovery liver genomics company 17 years ago. More recently he founded and led Novo Nordisk\u2019s Advanced Genomics Department, again focused on liver disease. Frustrated with the lack of therapeutic innovation in chronic diseases, Quin co-founded Ochre Bio, a liver RNA therapeutics company that differentiates itself in the ability to generate large-scale human discovery and validation data at its global R&D sites in Europe, Asia, and the US. A key innovation from Quin’s team’s at the intersection of dry-lab (machine learning) and wet-lab has been the ability to progress a hit to generating human data on the lead within weeks, not years. They do this using whole human livers that they maintain on machines.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Irwin M. Arias, MD (Founder) Dr. Irwin Arias is a triple Emeritus: Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Professor of Physiology and Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Senior Scientist at the National Institutes of Health where he continues to teach. He has dedicated his career to bridging the gap between scientists in the lab and medical doctors in the clinic, continually building bridges to link basic biology to human disease. In his long and continuing career in liver-related science, medicine, and education, some of his most notable accomplishments include discoveries of mechanisms of inheritable jaundice, ABC\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2970","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":5},"page_title_panel":"","has_hero_section":"default","5eb631037468254faccb548cafbc9d49":"","hero_section":"type-1","hero_elements":[{"id":"custom_title","enabled":true,"heading_tag":"h1","title":"Home"},{"id":"custom_description","enabled":true,"description_visibility":{"desktop":true,"tablet":true,"mobile":false}},{"id":"custom_meta","enabled":false,"meta_elements":[{"id":"author","enabled":true,"label":"By","has_author_avatar":"yes","avatar_size":25},{"id":"post_date","enabled":true,"label":"On","date_format_source":"default","date_format":"M j, Y"},{"id":"updated_date","enabled":false,"label":"On","date_format_source":"default","date_format":"M j, Y"},{"id":"categories","enabled":false,"label":"In","style":"simple"},{"id":"comments","enabled":true}],"page_meta_elements":{"joined":true,"articles_count":true,"comments":true}},{"id":"breadcrumbs","enabled":false}],"371956f0517a729e47f854a9bc7e1bf4":"","hero_alignment1":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","hero_margin":40,"hero_alignment2":"center","hero_vertical_alignment":"center","18a66bc73ab56064e5ea650acedeb459":"","hero_structure":"narrow","b364491f128cb71878997c75301f5d93":"","page_title_bg_type":"featured_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":null},"page_title_image_size":"full","parallax":{"desktop":false,"tablet":false,"mobile":false},"fcb6e338f4c4856016b90fe446f2483d":"","hero_height":"250px","pageTitleFont":{"family":"Default","variation":"Default","size":"30px","line-height":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","letter-spacing":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-transform":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-decoration":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"},"pageTitleFontColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"}},"pageMetaFont":{"family":"Default","variation":"n6","size":"12px","line-height":"1.3","letter-spacing":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-transform":"uppercase","text-decoration":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"},"pageMetaFontColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"},"hover":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"}},"page_meta_button_type_font_colors":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"},"hover":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"}},"page_meta_button_type_background_colors":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"},"hover":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"}},"pageExcerptFont":{"family":"Default","variation":"Default","size":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","line-height":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","letter-spacing":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-transform":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-decoration":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"},"pageExcerptColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"}},"breadcrumbsFont":{"family":"Default","variation":"Default","size":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","line-height":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","letter-spacing":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-transform":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE","text-decoration":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"},"breadcrumbsFontColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"},"initial":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"},"hover":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULEDEFAULT"}},"pageTitleOverlay":{"background_type":"color","background_pattern":"type-1","background_image":{"attachment_id":null,"x":0,"y":0},"gradient":"linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%)","background_repeat":"repeat","background_size":"auto","background_attachment":"scroll","patternColor":{"default":{"color":"#e5e7ea"}},"overlayColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"}},"backgroundColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"}}},"pageTitleBackground":{"background_type":"color","background_pattern":"type-1","background_image":{"attachment_id":null,"x":0,"y":0},"gradient":"linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%)","background_repeat":"repeat","background_size":"auto","background_attachment":"scroll","patternColor":{"default":{"color":"#e5e7ea"}},"overlayColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"}},"backgroundColor":{"default":{"color":"var(--paletteColor6)"}}},"pageTitlePadding":{"top":"50px","bottom":"50px","left":"auto","right":"auto","linked":true},"787d55b9fa196b342893c1093ba8766e":"","page_structure_type":"type-1","03205635f5df1c48846ede0ccb2c4fbe":"","content_style_source":"inherit","content_style":"wide","vertical_spacing_source":"inherit","content_area_spacing":"both","background":{"background_type":"color","background_pattern":"type-1","background_image":{"attachment_id":null,"x":0,"y":0},"gradient":"linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%)","background_repeat":"repeat","background_size":"auto","background_attachment":"scroll","patternColor":{"default":{"color":"#e5e7ea"}},"overlayColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"}},"backgroundColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"}}},"content_background":{"background_type":"color","background_pattern":"type-1","background_image":{"attachment_id":null,"x":0,"y":0},"gradient":"linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%)","background_repeat":"repeat","background_size":"auto","background_attachment":"scroll","patternColor":{"default":{"color":"#e5e7ea"}},"overlayColor":{"default":{"color":"CT_CSS_SKIP_RULE"}},"backgroundColor":{"default":{"color":"var(--paletteColor8)"}}},"content_boxed_shadow":{"inherit":false,"blur":18,"spread":-6,"v_offset":12,"h_offset":0,"inset":false,"enable":true,"color":{"color":"rgba(34, 56, 101, 0.04)"}},"content_boxed_border":{"width":1,"style":"none","color":{"color":"rgba(44,62,80,0.2)"}},"content_boxed_radius":{"top":"3px","bottom":"3px","left":"3px","right":"3px","linked":true},"boxed_content_spacing":{"desktop":{"top":"40px","bottom":"40px","left":"40px","right":"40px","linked":true},"tablet":{"top":"35px","bottom":"35px","left":"35px","right":"35px","linked":true},"mobile":{"top":"20px","bottom":"20px","left":"20px","right":"20px","linked":true}},"8b3053610d6f050b3ee539aebd47261d":"","disable_featured_image":"no","disable_share_box":"no","disable_header":"no","disable_footer":"no","3f750eda2a5ab89fc76bb92127d2767b":"","header_footer_scripts_panel":"","header_scripts":"","d874aede2c9123a9b1a2a30fc95e6f77":"","header_after_body_scripts":"","f76050a1185baacd630c3233a3e6b385":"","footer_scripts":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2970"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2970"}],"version-history":[{"count":90,"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3489,"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2970\/revisions\/3489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alfevents.org\/ariassymposium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}